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A plentiful and consistent supply of high
quality water is essential for optimal production and
health of feedlot cattle. Water of inadequate quality
can result in decreased gains, poor feed conversion,
and adverse affects on animal health.
The main
factors that affect water quality in feedlots are
nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, and total dissolved solids.
Concentrations generally considered safe for
consumption by cattle have been established (Table 1).
However, these values may vary slightly depending on
type and formulation of rations fed to cattle.
Table
1. Concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, and
total dissolved solids in water typically considered
safe for livestock usage.*
|
Measurement
|
Concentration
Considered Safe (mg/L**)
|
|
Nitrate
|
Less
than 440
|
|
Nitrite
|
Less
than 33
|
|
Sulfate
|
Less
than 300
|
|
Total
dissolved solids
|
Less
than 3,000
|
*
Sources, National Research Council, National Academy
of Sciences, Washington, DC.
** mg/L is equivalent to parts per million (ppm).
Summary
Water
quality is an important factor influencing animal
performance on feedlots. Since concentrations of
nitrate, nitrite, sulfate and total dissolved solids
can fluctuate throughout the year, routine water
analysis is warranted. It is also recommended that
feedlots have their ration routinely tested as well.
Where cases of clinical disease, such as PEM, occur as
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